In which population is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy most often identified?

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is most often identified in young athletes primarily due to its genetic nature and the physical exertion that can unmask occult disease. This condition is characterized by abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, which can lead to obstruction of blood flow and increased risk of arrhythmias, particularly in younger individuals engaged in vigorous physical activity.

Screening programs in sports often reveal cases of HCM among young athletes because they are subjected to rigorous cardiovascular evaluations, making it more likely for asymptomatic patients to be diagnosed. Many of these individuals may have no prior symptoms allowing the condition to go unnoticed until they are tested, frequently in the context of sports physicals.

In contrast, the other populations listed are not typically associated with a higher prevalence of HCM. While elderly patients can present with various cardiac issues, they are less likely to have HCM specifically, which more commonly manifests during adolescence or young adulthood. Pregnant women may experience heart changes during pregnancy, but HCM is not more frequent in this group compared to the general population. Diabetic patients are at risk for various cardiovascular diseases but do not uniquely present higher rates of HCM either.