What is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes?

The most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This condition is characterized by an abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, which can lead to impaired heart function and arrhythmias. The prevalence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is notably high among young athletes, particularly those engaged in competitive sports.

The mechanism behind this increased risk is attributed to the structural changes in the heart, which can obstruct blood flow and disrupt the heart's electrical system. These individuals may not always show clear symptoms, making screening for the condition critical in sports medicine. It is known that hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can result in fatal arrhythmias during physical exertion, which is why it is regarded as a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in this population.

While other conditions like Marfan syndrome, coronary artery anomalies, and myocarditis can also lead to serious cardiac events and sudden death in young individuals, they are less commonly the immediate cause compared to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the setting of athletics. Awareness and recognition of this condition are essential components of pre-participation screening and management in sports.