What is the primary treatment for anaphylactic shock?

The primary treatment for anaphylactic shock is intramuscular epinephrine. Anaphylactic shock is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that can lead to respiratory distress, cardiovascular collapse, and other systemic symptoms. The mechanism of epinephrine works by acting on both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors, leading to vasoconstriction, increased heart rate, bronchodilation, and decreased release of additional mediators from mast cells and basophils. This rapid response is critical for treating anaphylaxis, as it can reverse the life-threatening symptoms very quickly, ideally within minutes.

Other treatments such as intravenous fluids, oral antihistamines, and corticosteroids may play roles in the management of anaphylaxis but are not first-line treatments. Intravenous fluids can help manage hypotension but do not address the acute allergic response. Oral antihistamines, while useful for milder allergic reactions or to treat itching and hives, do not have the rapid action required in anaphylaxis. Corticosteroids may reduce the duration of symptoms but take several hours to exert their effects and should not replace the need for immediate epinephrine during an acute episode. Therefore, epinephrine is the first and most crucial intervention for anaphylactic